Category: Culture Articles

  • Pearl Harbor Day


    On Pearl Harbor Day, Americans remember those who laid down their lives on the day Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan. America will always be proud of the brave souls of the nation, who upheld the tradition of gallantry, honor and integrity on that day an throughout the course of World War II. The surprise attack that day on Pearl Harbor took more than 2,400 American lives. Each year we comm orate those who lost their lives on December 7, 1941, the Pearl Harbor Day.

    The Tragic Day

    At the crack of dawn on Sunday, December 7, 1941, naval aviation forces of the Empire of Japan launched an assault on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii bringing destruction and tragedy to the United States Pacific Fleet and other military targets.

    The attack paralyzed the Pacific Fleet. The Airfields, port facilities, and warships in the Pacific were severely damaged and most being rendered incapacitated. Out of the nine Pacific Fleet battleships at Pearl harbor that day, Utah and Arizona were totally destroyed, the Oklahoma was salvaged but still deemed unusable. Along with the loss of two destroyers, one minelayer and 188 aircraft.

    A converted sixteen-inch armor penetrating naval shell dropped from a high level horizontal bomber and landed on the battleship Arizona. The bomb exploded in one of Arizona’s aircraft catapult gunpowder magazines. It resulted in ignition of a fire in the main gun magazines where a stockpile of gunpowder was fatefully kept. The explosion caused the battleship Arizona to sink to the harbor’s bottom in a few brief minutes and taking with it the lives of 1100 crew members.

    Reason For The Sudden Attack

    The failure of U.S. political, diplomatic, and military establishments to recognize the capabilities of the Japanese military combined with the weaknesses in the United States’ own defense planning, proved fatal. Leading to Japan’s success at Pearl Harbor in decimating a major U.S Military port while sustaining only minor losses themselves.

    The Japanese considered their attack a “pre-emptive strike” to prevent American interference in their attempted advance into the Dutch East Indies and Malaysia. However, instead of forcing Americans into submission, the attack on Pearl Harbor catapulted America into the war that would eventually bring ultimate devastation to the Land of the Rising Sun.

    National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day approved

    The American Congress, by Public Law 103-308, approved through a law, commemorating December 7 as the “National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day” each year.

    All Americans are encouraged to observe this monumental occasion with memorial activities and ceremonies. Also, Federal agencies, interested organizations, groups and individuals are to fly the flag of the United States at half-mast, in honor of those who died while doing their duty at Pearl Harbor.

    The battleship Arizona has been specially preserved as a mark of remembrance for the crew and serves as a center of many events on Pearl Harbor day in Hawaii. The structure spans the ship’s hull, with Ford Island in the background. The memorial is accessible by boats from the naval base at Pearl Harbor.

    Observing Pearl Harbor Day

    The events of this day are memorialized by the illumination of a prewar aircraft beacon on the top of Mount Diablo, in the San Francisco Bay area. This light was refurbished in 1962 and is turned on only for the evening of December 7th each year. A few remaining military survivors of the attack gather with their family and friends to honor their fallen shipmates and comrades by playing “Taps” and lighting the beacon. The public is welcome at these events.

    On Pearl Harbor Day, a whole nation salutes the courage of a generation of Americans who died on a day of infamy and showed bravery amidst one of the most sorrowful days ever to be written in the pages of American History.

  • History of Memorial Day



    Memorial day is a day to remember the men and women who have died in the nation’s service. This day is a federal holiday in the United States and is observed on the last Monday of May. Memorial Day was formerly known as Decoration Day as after the Civil war many people decorated the graves of soldiers with flowers. But the observance expanded after World War I to include the people who died in battles.

    History Of Memorial Day

    The history of Memorial Day dates back to the 19th century. Decoration Day was first officially observed on May 30, 1868. General John Logan in his General Order No 11 first proclaimed Decoration Day officially. After the Civil war, many communities set aside a day to memorize the deceased of the Civil War. Richmond, Charleston, Boalsburg, South Carolina; Pennsylvania, Virginia, Carbondale, Illinois; Mississippi, Columbus, and some other cities observed the earliest Memorial Day. These observations gradually united around Decoration Day. Decoration Day became Memorial Day in 1882 to include honoring soldiers who had died in other wars. Memorial Day was declared a national holiday to be observed on the last Monday of May in 1971.

    The history of Memorial Day shows the first observation of the holiday officially in Waterloo, New York on the day on May 5, 1866.

    Legislation Of Memorial Day

    The Congress passed the Uniform Holidays Bill on June 28th, 1968. This bill moved four traditional holiday dates to specified Mondays to create convenient three-day weekends. The four holidays are Washington’s Birthday, which later became President’s Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, and Memorial Day. This moved the traditional date of Memorial Day, May 30 to the last Monday in May. In federal level the law took effect from 1971. Gradually all the 50 states adopted the same within few years.

    How Memorial Day Is Observed?

    Traditionally Memorial Day is observed by visiting cemeteries and memorials. At 3:00 PM (Washington time) a national moment of remembrance is observed. The US flag is flown at half-staff from dawn to noon (according to local time). The volunteers place US Flags on each gravesite of the National Cemetery.

    Memorial Day is a weekend and marks the beginning of summer unofficially. So its time for picnics, sports and family gatherings. Some families honor members of families who have died on Memorial Day.

    The history of Memorial Day has always been a special day of commemorating the memories of the brave deceased soldiers of war.

  • Father’s Day



    Father’s Day observes the celebration of your “dad”. This day is a great opportunity to let your father know how much you love and care for him. This day is appropriately the podium for reminding us the sacrifices our father has made for us, as we often tend to forget that.

    Father’s Day is a day for honoring not only your father but also all the father figures in your life, like uncles, grand fathers, step fathers and even big brothers. The “father figure” can be loved, respected and also can be looked up for protection and guidance.

    Origin of Father’s Day

    This day has its social and religious origins. The Roman Catholic Church observes the day as Saint Joseph’s Day (Joseph is the husband of Mary and the foster-father of Jesus Christ).

    There is one woman behind the emergence of the day to honor the great man in your life. Mrs. Sonora Smart Dodd founded Fathers Day in the United States of America. She was a resident of Spokane in Washington. Being one among six siblings, she was cared by a single father.

    Mrs. Dodd’s father, William Jackson Smart was a civil war veteran who single handedly raised his children after the death of their mother. Anna Jarvis’ promotion of Mother’s Day further influenced her to establish a Father’s Day.

    The first Fathers day celebration took place on June 19, 1910 in Spokane, Washington (Mrs. Dodd’s father was born in June). Woodrow Wilson’s family personally honored him on Father’s Day in 1916. However, eight years later, Calvin Coolidge termed it as a national holiday. In 1926, the National Father’s Day committee was formed in New York City. In 1972, the holiday was officially recognized under the presidency of Richard Nixon.

    The day is celebrated on different dates all over the world, but the spirit of the day remains the same.

    Celebration of Dad’s day

    Father’s Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm across the world. People let their fathers know on this day how much gratitude, love and respect they have for them. Any father figure who makes you feel secure, loved and protected can be honored on this day.

    Children make cards and gifts for their dads. This is a wonderful reunion time for many families. People provide their fathers with their favorite breakfast in bed, cards, gifts and fresh flower bouquets. This day is a good day for a get-together. It is also a good idea to help dad out with household chores.

    Today, Fathers Day like Mother’s Day has been commercialized to a great extent. Rigorous advertising campaigns take place for marketing gifts, greeting cards, tool kits, gourmet gift baskets and neckties.

    It is to be kept in mind that the sentimental factor of the auspicious day should not be lost due to extensive commercialization. Father’s Day has become a universal way of showering love and respect on one’s father.

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  • St Martins Day


    Falling on November 11, German children celebrate St Martin’s Day as the start of Carnival season. They walk around the streets, after dark, carrying lanterns, and singing special songs. A bit like trick or treating, they are rewarded for their singing and the beauty of their lanterns, with sweets and other goodies.

    Who Was St. Martin?

    St Martin of Tours started out as a Roman soldier. He was baptized when he was grown up and became a monk. He was a very good and kind man, and eventually became the Bishop of Tours. As well as being kind, he was quiet and simple. He didn’t want to become Bishop, but he didn’t have much choice. There are many legends about his life. The most famous is when he cut his cloak in half to share with a beggar during a snowstorm, to save the beggar from dying of the cold. Another legend is about his trying to hide so as not to become Bishop. The story is that he hid in a stall in a barn, hoping to escape the people who were hunting for him. They had come to take him to be appointed Bishop. A flock of geese made a lot of noise and gave away his hiding place. The goose is the animal symbol of St Martin and a favorite food on Saint Martin’s Day.

    Why November 11?

    Like so many other Christian celebrations, St Martin’s Day coincides with pagan rituals from the pre-Christian era. This falls at the same time as the early winter festivities of light and fertility celebrated by the pagans. The Christian Church, very early in its history, saw that there was a problem with holidays. Many people, even though they had become Christian and given up their pagan ways, didn’t want to give up their holidays. The Church, being smart, put Christian Holidays around the same time. The people kept their holiday, they just celebrated something different.




    The Festivities

    In Germany, St Martin’s Day is used to mark the beginning of the Carnival season. It is mainly celebrated by children. The children buy or make lanterns, and form a procession through the streets singing special lantern songs. Quite often at the end of the procession, they have a bonfire.


    After the parade and bonfire, the children form smaller groups and go from door to door singing their songs. Much like trick or treating in the States, the children are given candy, money and other goodies for their efforts. Quite often the lanterns are used to store the goodies until the children reach home.

    The Songs

    There are many songs that the children sing; here is one, with its translation:

    Ich geh’ mit meiner Laterne
    Und meine Laterne mit mir.
    Dort oben leuchten die Sterne,
    Hier unten, da leuchten wir.
    ( Mein Licht ist aus,
    Wir gehn nach Haus,
    Rabimmel, rabammel, rabum.)
    I’m coming with my lantern
    And my lantern with me
    There, over the light are the stars,
    Here, under the light are we
    (My light is out,
    We’re going home,
    rabimmel, rabammel, rabum)

    Why not try your hand at making a lantern, with these simple to follow instructions?


    Remember:paper burns very easily. Under NO circumstances should you place a lit candle into your lantern.

  • Guy Fawkes Day: Bonfire Night


    On November 4, 1605, Guy Fawkes was caught red-handed in the basement of the British Parliament. He was trying to blow up the Houses of Parliament with gunpowder. Ever since then, on November 5, the British have celebrated his capture and execution by burning an effigy (model) of him on bonfires around the nation. Learn more about why he wanted to blow up Parliament, how he was caught and the celebrations.

    Although the plot involved blowing up the Houses of Parliament, it was mainly intended to Kill King James I. James had actually started out as King James VI of Scotland. When Queen Elizabeth I died, he was her nearest living relative, and so he became King of England.

    Why?

    At the time, England was divided on religious grounds. Elizabeth was a protestant, and Head of the Church of England. She persecuted the Catholics and had many priests and important Catholics executed. Needless to say, the Catholics weren’t very happy about this. When she died they danced in the streets and celebrated her death. James had given the Catholics a private promise that he would stop the persecutions, if he became King.

    As the Catholics were soon to learn, people will say anything to get power. James may have really intended helping the Catholics, but Parliament was against them, and he continued on where Elizabeth had left off.

    The whole problem had begun with Henry VIII, Elizabeth’s father. England had been Catholic and the Church had had a lot power. Henry had fallen out with the Pope because he couldn’t get divorced. He had then formed the Church of England, declaring himself its Head, and given himself a divorce. The Catholics were determined to restore their Church to power and get rid of the Church of England. Unfortunately members of the Church of England felt exactly the same way. A group of English Catholics was fighting with the Spanish Army. They hoped that if they managed to get rid of James, the Spanish could come in and conquer England. Then they could restore the Catholic Church to its powerful position.


    Who and How?

    Some of these Catholics got together, recruited Guy Fawkes to do the dirty work, and hatched their plot.
    First, they rented a house with a basement that lay under the House of Lords (part of the Houses of Parliament). Then, they moved barrels of gunpowder into the basement, hiding it under piles of wood. They needed to blow up the building when King James, his family and all of the non-Catholic members of Parliament were in it. This had to be the day Parliament opened for a new session. That year, due to fear of plague, the opening of the Houses of Parliament was delayed for over 8 months. The delay meant the plot failed.

    Too many people got to hear about the plot. Someone who knew about it had a relative who was a Member of Parliament. Not wanting his relative killed, he sent him a message telling him about the plot. The relative, Lord Monteagle, sent the letter to the King. The plotters knew that someone had told about the plot, but were determined to carry on anyway. Guy Fawkes, under the alias of John Johnson, was arrested in the basement, just a few hours before he was due to light the fuse.

    He was taken to the Tower of London, tortured until he signed a confession, and publicly executed on January 31, 1606. The other plotters were hunted down and shot or executed.

     

    Celebrations

    The tradition of lighting bonfires on November 5, started the same year as the plot itself. People, happy that the King had been saved, lit bonfires in the streets. Over the years the celebrations became more elaborate, and effigies of Guy Fawkes and even the Pope were added to the top of the fires. Fireworks came a little later. All towns and villages used to have a fire, then the tradition became for people to have private fires and firework displays.

    Children make their effigies (or dummies) and parade them in the streets before bonfire night. They ask for “a penny for the Guy” and use the money collected to buy fireworks. Because of increased safety regulations most towns and villages have begun having public bonfires again. These days private bonfires are few and there are not many “Guys” on display in the streets.

    Nursery Rhyme

    Most British children learn the nursery rhyme about the plot when they are very young. This is how it goes:

    Remember, remember the fifth of November,
    Gunpowder, treason and plot.
    We see no reason
    Why Gunpowder treason
    Should ever be forgot.

    Important Note

    Fireworks and bonfires are always a lot of fun, but they can also be very dangerous. Visit these sites for some important safety tips:

    Firework Safety for Kids
    Pets and Fireworks – Safety Considerations
    The US National Council on Fireworks Safety


  • Thanksgiving Unit Study

  • Cultures

    This unit covers different aspects of culture. Some articles on holidays children celebrated in different parts of the world, with related crafts, recipes for food and some fun craft activities like origami.

    Holidays Around the World

    Guy Fawkes Day (UK)

    On November 4,1605, Guy Fawkes was caught red-handed in the basement of the British Parliament. He was trying to blow up the Houses of Parliament with gunpowder. Ever since then, on November 5, the British have celebrated his capture and execution by burning an effigy (model) of him on bonfires around the nation. Learn more about why he wanted to blow up Parliament, how he was caught and the celebrations.

    St Martin’s Day

    Falling on November 11, German children celebrate St Martin’s Day as the start of Carnival season. They walk around the streets, after dark, carrying lanterns, and singing special songs. A bit like trick or treating, they are rewarded for their singing and the beauty of their lanterns, with sweets and other goodies.

    Thanksgiving

    This is a North American Holiday.
    Celebrated in November it remembers the original Thanksgiving. On that day the
    Pilgrims gave thanks for their survival, which was largely due to the help
    they received from the Native Americans.

    Kwanzaa

    Kwanzaa is a fairly new holiday. It is an
    African American Holiday, intended to maintain cultural heritage. It is
    celebrated in December.

    Hannukah

    Hannukah, also known as the Festival of
    Lights, is a Jewish holiday. Find out more about what it is and how it is
    celebrated.

    The Origin of Some Christmas Traditions

    Christmas is celebrated in every corner of
    the world. Although each culture has differences, many of the traditions are
    the same. Find out a little about the origins of such traditions as Santa
    Claus, Christmas trees, Boxing Day and cards.

    Eid Al Fitr

    Eid Al Fitr is a Muslim Holiday which marks
    the end of Ramadan. Ramadan is a month of fasting. Find out more about
    Ramadan and about the Eid Celebrations.

    Recipes, Crafts and More

    When is a Pancake Not a Pancake?

    American children know that a pancake is thick round and dry, and that you add a topping to it. British children will tell you it is thin, slightly oiled and tastes best rolled up with lemon juice and sugar in the middle. Egyptian children eat it as a snack, folded in half, stuff with nuts or cream, deep-fried and soaked in sugar syrup. So who is right? When is it a pancake and when is it something else completely?

    Origami: The Japanese Art of Paper Folding

    Although Origami is known to be a Japanese Art or sometimes Craft, it actually started out in China. The Chinese invented paper, and when the invention spread to Japan, so did the art of paper folding. Most Japanese practice origami, but it started out as an art form for religious ceremonies. Find out more about the history of origami, and try your hand at a simple model.

    Make a Paper Lantern

    There are plenty of sites online showing how to make paper lanterns, but none quite as impressive as this one. It takes basic materials, a little skill and a lot of patience. Follow these simple instructions and make your own. This one is similar to the lanterns the children carry on St. Martin’s Day.

  • Eid Al Fitr

    A Muslim
    Celebration

     

    Muslims
    have two major celebrations in the year. Both are called Eid (meaning
    celebration). Eid Al-Fitr, or the Celebration of Breaking the Fast,
    marks the end of Ramadan. Ramadan is the month of fasting.

     

    Eid Al-Fitr is the celebration that comes at the end of Ramadan. Ramadan is a
    month of fasting, every day from dawn until sunset. The Islamic Calendar follows
    the moon and so each year, the dates are shifted forwards by about eleven days
    in the normal calendar. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim year, and is
    followed by Shawal. The first three days of Shawal are the Eid days.


    When it is

    This year, (2002) the first day of Eid will fall on December
    6 in most countries.
    The reason it differs from country to country is the calendar. It is a little
    bit complicated, but each month has either 29 or 30 days. On the 29th night of
    the month, people look for the new moon. If it is spotted, then he month has 29
    days, and the next day is the start of a new month. If it is not spotted the
    month continues on for a 30th day, and then the new month starts. These days,
    astronomers can predict the months and phases of the moon very accurately, but
    it is still traditional for the moon to be spotted by someone. So, if the sky is
    overcast over an entire country, even if the moon is there, it can’t be seen
    and the month continues for one more day.

    What it is

    Eid Al-Fitr is all about celebrating the good things that we have received,
    God’s (Allah’s) bounty and our family and friends. Every household who can
    afford it must pay a form of tax in the days leading up to Eid. It is a very
    small amount, and is paid for each person in the family. Traditionally the tax
    was in the form of food, although most people now give the equivalent in money.
    The money or food is given to poor people, so that they can celebrate Eid, too.
    The tax is not collected by anyone, and no one is forced to pay it, but it is
    required as a religious act, and almost everyone pays.

    The Celebration

    Many people decorate their houses for Eid. This is rather an odd thing, since
    no-one is sure when Eid is, until the last minute, and so decorations are put up
    very late on the last day of the month.

    Everyone has new clothes for Eid. The last few nights of Ramadan it is almost
    impossible to get into the shops, as everyone is buying their clothes. A
    complete outfit is normal, right down to the shoes, and even the headscarves for
    the women.

    On the morning of Eid, everyone gets up very early to go to the prayers.
    These are special prayers, held only at Eid. They are held only in very big
    mosques, or in large open areas, such as football stadiums. They are held about
    80 minutes after sunrise, so in the summer months it is very early.

    After the prayers everyone goes home to eat breakfast and then the
    celebrations really begin. It isn’t common for children to receive gifts.
    Instead they receive money. The money should be in the form of a brand new bank
    note or coins. The amount given is small, usually in the region of about $3, but
    still they get plenty. Everyone who visits the children, or everyone whom they
    visit, gives then the gift of money. In a large extended family, with lots of
    friends, the children can end up with a small fortune!

    Sometime around midmorning people start to go out visiting. They visit
    neighbors and friends in the morning. At each visit special cakes are eaten, and
    the children receive their money. The visits are very short as there are plenty
    to make. Dinner is spent with family. The traditional meal varies from country
    to country, the only standard thing being the special cakes. Each day of the
    holiday is spent with a different branch of the family, so that everyone gets
    visited. In the evening the visits start up again. This goes on for three days,
    but money is normally only given to the children on the first two days.

    In between visiting, people make trips out into the streets. Many streets
    have a sort of fair going, with music, dancing, fireworks, kids’ games and much
    more. Here the children get to spend their money. They buy candy, soft drinks,
    toys and rides. Everyone has great fun, and the children are always disappointed
    when it is over. The adults, on the other hand, are usually worn out and glad of
    the rest!


  • Spanish for Kids



    Any foreign language including Spanish for kids, must be taught at a young age, as children are able to grasp better at this stage. Imitating may seem to be a bit difficult for the adults, but for children it is a very easy job. This quality of imitation comes handy in teaching kids a certain language.

    Spanish for kids – The right method

    Ever wondered how a toddler at India speaks good Hindi and a toddler at London speaks English fluently? Well, thanks to the kids’ ability to imitate whatever they hear and see. This attribute makes it possible for the young children to learn languages.

    Speaking about Spanish for kids, you must know that it is not a difficult job at all. You have to know the proper approach to teaching your child the Spanish language.

    • Make the children listen to the language frequently. Whatever they are listening should be interesting and must have videos to hold their interest for a longer time.
    • Get a lot of flash cards for your child, like toiletry flash cards, food flash cards, playing flash cards and many more. Tell the child to pick the correct matching flashcard and then ask the kid to read what is written on the card aloud. Help the children in reading and pronouncing the words in the proper manner.
    • Spanish for kids is made easy when you make the kids read bi-lingual books, mainly English and Spanish. This helps the child to relate between the two languages and learn Spanish faster. If English is the known language and Spanish is the unknown one, then a bi-lingual book will benefit a lot in helping the child learn Spanish.
    • You can also search the Internet for free classes on Spanish for kids and make use of it to teach your child Spanish.
    • You can make it a point to speak only Spanish at home when the kids are around. This will help the children grab the language faster.

    Why to teach the kids Spanish?

    There are valid reasons for teaching the children Spanish. Spanish for kids will be of great help in the future.

    • Spanish being the fourth most spoken language in the world, enables one to communicate freely with the Latin Americans. Spanish is very much prevalent in Europe, so if you know the language it is an added advantage for you.
    • Learning a foreign language like Spanish can also be a cultural experience. This will also give birth to an interest in the Spanish literature and drama, and the Spanish current events.
    • Learning another language like Spanish helps in the development of the child’s brain.
    • If you speak Spanish along with English, it can prove to be a boon for you. There will be a whole lot of job opportunities open for you.

    All the best for your Spanish experience.

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  • Behavior Children

    The concept “behavior children” is applicable to the desired manner children should be behaving themselves. Many parents are annoyed with their child’s behavior and habits, and wish to instill good manners in them. In this case, the way to go about making your child a well-mannered and behaved child is all that matters. A teenager using unpleasant word, a toddler in the habit of whining and a child leaving his/her clothes in the room in a mess is always a cause of concern for his/her parents. Bringing about a change in such unruly children is a challenge for the parents, if they want to have behavior children.

    Ways for Good Behavior Children:
    Analyze the behaviour of your child according to his/her age. For instance, an eight-year old kid may have the sense not to disturb you when you are on the phone, but you must not expect the same conduct from a two-year old child. If you notice some kind of unusual behavior on the part of your child, you must try to find out the cause behind it. You as a parent should know whether there has been any incident in the child’s life, that may coax the child to do something abnormal and wild. When you undertake to get behavior children, you must not forget that you are dealing with children after all. Thus, it is very important for you to be patient and understanding.

    The 4 Principles for Behavior Children:

    • Let your child know the kind of behavior you are expecting and try to practice the same kind of behavior with the child. Now, if your child has the habit of whining for buying new things, practice with the kid, the manner of asking for treat or help in a normal voice.
    • You need to change your behavior first and not give in to the child’s wrong demands. Say for instance, your child wants to get things easily by purring, stop responding or giving in to this kind of behavior.
    • When you do not respond to bad behavior, make sure that you always appreciate any kind of good behavior on the part of the child. Do not ignore the child when he/she shows good manners; rather encourage them to do so. This will give you behavior children.
    • It may happen that a child continues to behave in a bad manner even after you have asked him/her not to. In such case, ignore the bad behavior and do not nag on it. Try your best to make your child behave in a proper manner.

    This will help them to grow up into well-behaved children. The concept of behavior children is a psychological process; just remember to be patient and considerate with the kids.